Previously, we have already considered, based on the popularity of this topic, we propose to create a wind generator from an induction motor. It is necessary to redo the electric motor a bit, how to do this we read further.

How to make a do-it-yourself wind generator from an induction motor

To make a generator for a wind generator, we will use an induction motor.

To change the engine, it is necessary to grind the rotor for the magnets, glue the magnets to the rotor and fill with epoxy. In addition, the stator must be rewound with a wire with a larger thickness, in order to lower the voltage indicator, increase the current. But we decided to leave the engine intact, to complete only the alteration of the rotor. We used a three-phase type unit, its power is 1.32 kilowatts.

Grooving of the rotor of the motor is carried out on a lathe. Note that in the case of this rotor, we did not use a sleeve, which is usually worn under magnets. Its presence is explained by the need to strengthen magnetic induction, the magnets close the fields through the sleeve, there is no dispersion of the magnetic field, everything is directed towards the stator. This system involves the use of very strong magnets, the size of which is 7.6x6 millimeters. 160 pieces are taken, with their help a sufficient electromotive force is provided even without a sleeve.

Initially, before gluing magnets, the rotor is marked on 4 poles, the magnets are arranged with a bevel. The motor had four poles, due to the fact that the stator was not rewound, 5 magnetic poles should be present. The alternation of each pole, "south" and "north". Poles need certain pauses, magnets are located more densely. After we placed the magnets, they were wrapped with tape, fixed with epoxy.

The rotor was sticking, there was also a problem in the process of gross rotation. We made some changes, removed the magnets and resin, and then performed a new placement of the elements. The emphasis was placed on greater uniformity during installation. After filling, we realized that sticking became less noticeable, in addition, the voltage during the rotation of the generator at the same speed became less, the current indicator increased slightly.

We assembled a wind generator and decided to attach one or another device to it. It was decided to attach a lamp of 60 watts and 220 volts, at speeds from 800 to 1000 it was fully heated. In addition, to check the possibilities, we attached a light bulb whose power is 1 kilowatt. A half level of heating was provided. At 800 rpm, the voltage level was 160 volts. In addition, we tried to connect a 0.5 kilowatt boiler, very quickly the water heated up.

Consider the screw in detail. The material for the blades was a polyvinyl chloride pipe, the diameter of which is 160 millimeters. In the photo you can see the screw, its diameter is 1.7 meters, here is the information on the basis of which the blades were made.

A little later, we made a stand, which has a rotary axis that allows you to attach the tail and the generator. The system has a scheme in which the wind head leaves the wind with the help of tail folding. That is why there is a certain offset from the axial center of the system, with the rear location of the pin (king pin intended for the tail).

We attached the wind generator with our own hands to the mast, whose length is nine meters. The generator provided an open circuit voltage, which reached 80 volts. We tried to connect a two-kilowatt tenn, after a certain period of time it warmed up, respectively, we can conclude that there is a certain power in the windmill.

Then we assembled a special controller, after which we connected the battery to charge using it. A good current indicator is provided, a noise has appeared, similar to what happens when using chargers.

According to the data on the electric motor, the indicators were 220-380 volts, with a current strength of 6.2 to 3.6 amperes, respectively, the unit resistance indicator is 35.4 ohm triangle / 105.5 Ohm star. In the case of a twelve-volt battery charging according to such a scheme as a “triangle” (the most common option), it turns out that at a wind speed of 8 to 9 meters per second, the current is about 1.9 amperes, which is only 23 watts per hour.

Such a significant drop is explained by a high level of generator resistance, for this reason the stator is rewound with a wire of a more substantial thickness, due to this, a decrease in the resistance of the unit is guaranteed, which also determines the current strength indicator.

We hope our instructions on how to create a wind generator for your home with your own hands from an induction motor will help you make a wind generator.

For a homemade windmill, it is convenient to use an asynchronous generator. It immediately generates alternating current, and there is no need to connect an inverter, which simplifies the assembly circuit. This means that all household appliances can be used directly from the windmill. Making an asynchronous generator with your own hands is not difficult. It is enough to find the old asynchronous motor (HELL) from any household appliance and use it as the basis for a windmill. It will take, however, a simple alteration.

The principle of operation of an induction motor and generator

An induction motor is an AC electric motor. Its feature is that the magnetic field, which is produced by the current of the stator winding, and the rotor rotate at different frequencies. In synchronous motors, their frequency coincides. The most common design of HELL includes a phase rotor and a stator, between which there is an air gap. But there are squirrel cage motors. The active part of the blood pressure is the magnetic circuit and windings. The remaining elements provide structural rigidity, rotation and cooling. The current in such an engine appears due to electromagnetic induction, which occurs when the magnetic field rotates at a certain speed.

In turn, an asynchronous wind generator is an engine that operates in generator mode. A wind turbine rotates the rotor and magnetic field in the same direction. In this case, a negative slip of the rotor occurs, a braking moment appears on the shaft, after which the energy is transmitted to the battery. To excite the EMF, the residual magnetization of the rotor is used, and the EMF is amplified by capacitors.

To adapt the BP to the windmill, you need to create a moving magnetic field in it. To do this, perform a series of transformations:

1. Pick up neodymium magnets for the rotor. The strength of the magnetic field depends on their strength and quantity.
2. Cut the rotor under the magnets. This can be done using a lathe. Remove a couple of millimeters from the entire surface of the core and additionally make recesses for the magnets. The thickness of the groove depends on the selected magnets.
3. Mark the rotor into four poles. Place magnets on each (from eight pieces per pole, but better more).
4. Now you need to fix the magnets. This can be done with superglue, but then hold the elements with your fingers until the glue seizes (when in contact with the rotor, the magnets will change their position). Or fasten all the elements with tape.
5. The next step is to fill the free space between the magnets with epoxy resin. To do this, wrap the rotor with magnets with paper, wrap tape over it, and seal the ends of the paper cocoon with plasticine. After making such protection, resin can be poured inside. When the epoxy is completely dry, remove the paper.
6. Sand the surface of the rotor. Use medium-sized paper for this.
7. Identify the two rotor wires that lead to the working winding. Cut the remaining wires so as not to get confused.

On this, the basic transformations are completed. In addition, you can purchase a controller, and make a rectifier for your wind generator from silicon diodes. Also check engine rotation. If the travel is tight, replace the bearings. Quick tip: if you want to increase the current strength, as well as reduce the voltage in your unit, then do not be lazy and rewind the stator with thick wire.

Generator testing

Before installing the finished generator on an axial structure or mast, you need to test it. For testing, you need a drill or screwdriver, as well as some kind of load, for example, an ordinary light bulb that you use in everyday life. Connect them to your unit and see at what speed the bulb lights up brightly and evenly.

If testing shows good results, then you can proceed with the installation of the windmill. For this, it is necessary to manufacture blade elements, an axial structure, and select a battery. Read more about how to assemble a wind generator, you can read.

Rules for operating an asynchronous wind generator

Such a windmill has a number of features that must be considered during operation:

• Be prepared that the efficiency of the finished device will constantly fluctuate (within 50%). It is impossible to eliminate this drawback; these are the costs of the energy conversion process.
• Take care of high-quality insulation, as well as grounding the wind generator. This is a mandatory security requirement.
• Make buttons to control the device. This will greatly simplify its use in the future.
• In addition, provide places for connecting measuring instruments. This will provide you with data on the operation of your unit, allow you to carry out diagnostics.

If we compare asynchronous and synchronous wind generators, then asynchronous have both advantages and disadvantages.

The benefits are as follows:

• Powerful devices with a simple design, small size and weight.
• High level of efficiency in energy production.
• There is no need for an inverter, because such a wind generator produces alternating current (220 / 380V). It can directly power household appliances or work in parallel with a centralized power supply network.
• The output voltage is very stable.
• The output frequency is independent of rotor speeds.
• It is highly resistant to short circuits, protected from moisture and dirt.
• It can serve for many years, as it contains few wearing elements.
• Powered by capacitor excitation.

The disadvantages are:

• In the absence of a battery, the asynchronous generator may decay at times of overload. This is a limiter for the use of such a unit. But for a windmill, such a drawback is irrelevant, because its design involves an energy storage device. You can read about how to choose a battery for a wind turbine.
• Capacitor banks have a high cost, so reworking the old blood pressure is the best solution.
• The revolution of the generator is inversely related to its mass.

Thus, a do-it-yourself wind generator from an asynchronous three-phase motor is an inexpensive and convenient solution for the home.

An asynchronous or induction type generator is a special kind of device that uses alternating current and has the ability to reproduce electricity. The main feature is the performance of rather quick turns that the rotor makes, in terms of the speed of rotation of this element it is significantly superior to the synchronous variety.

One of the main advantages is the ability to use this device without significant circuit transformations or lengthy tuning.

A single-phase type of induction generator can be connected by supplying the necessary voltage to it, for this it will need to be connected to a power source. However, a number of models produce self-excitation; this ability allows them to function in a mode independent of any external sources.

This is accomplished by sequentially bringing the capacitors to working condition.

Asynchronous motor generator circuit

  generator circuit based on an induction motor

In virtually any electric type machine designed as a generator, there are 2 different active windings, without which the device cannot function:

1. Field winding, which is located on a special anchor.
2. Stator winding, which is responsible for the formation of electric current, this process occurs inside it.

In order to visualize and more accurately understand all the processes that occur during the operation of the generator, the most optimal option would be to consider in more detail the scheme of its operation:

1. Voltage, which is supplied from the battery or any other source, creates a magnetic field in the anchor winding.
2. Rotate device elements   together with the magnetic field can be implemented in various ways, including manually.
3. A magnetic fieldrotating at a certain speed generates electromagnetic induction, due to which an electric current appears in the winding.
4. The vast majority of schemes used today   it does not have the ability to provide voltage anchor winding, this is due to the presence of a squirrel-cage rotor in the design. Therefore, regardless of the speed and time of rotation of the shaft, the power supply devices will still be de-energized.

When remaking the engine into a generator, the independent creation of a moving magnetic field is one of the basic and mandatory conditions.

Generator device

Before undertaking any remodeling actions   in the generator, you need to understand the device of this machine, which is as follows:

1. Stator, which is equipped with a network winding with 3 phases, placed on its working surface.
2. Winding   It is organized in such a way that it resembles a star in its shape: 3 initial elements are connected to each other, and 3 opposite sides are connected to slip rings, which do not have any common ground between them.
3. Contact rings   have reliable fasteners to the rotor shaft.
4. In construction   there are special brushes that do not make any independent movements, but contribute to the inclusion of a rheostat with three phases. This allows you to change the resistance parameters of the winding located on the rotor.
5. Often, in the internal device there is such an element as an automatic short circuit, necessary in order to short-circuit the winding and stop the rheostat, which is in working condition.
6. Another additional element of the device generator may be a special device that spreads the brushes and slip rings at the moment when they pass the stage of closure. Such a measure contributes to a significant reduction in friction losses.

Making a generator out of an engine

In fact, any asynchronous electric motor can be remade with its own hands into a device that functions as a generator, which can then be used in everyday life. For this purpose, even an engine taken from an old-style washing machine or any other household equipment may be suitable.

In order for this process to be successfully implemented, it is recommended to adhere to the following algorithm of actions:

1. Remove engine core layerdue to which a depression will be formed in its structure. This can be done on a lathe, it is recommended to remove 2 mm. around the core and make additional holes with a depth of about 5 mm.
2. Take off dimensions   from the resulting rotor, and then from the tin material to make a template in the form of a strip that will correspond to the dimensions of the device.
3. Install   in the resulting free space neodymium magnets, which must be purchased in advance. Each pole will require at least 8 magnetic elements.
4. Magnet fixing   can be carried out using universal superglue, but it must be borne in mind that when approaching the surface of the rotor they will change their position, so they must be firmly held by hands until each element is glued. It is further recommended that safety glasses be used during this process to avoid splashing glue into the eyes.
5. Rotor wrap   plain paper and scotch tape, which will be required to fix it.
6. The end part of the rotor   to fill with plasticine, which will ensure the sealing of the device.
7. After committed actions   it is necessary to process free cavities between the magnetic elements. To do this, the remaining space between the magnets must be filled with epoxy. It will be most convenient to cut a special hole in the shell, transform it into a neck and seal the borders with plasticine. Resin can be poured inside.
8. Wait until it solidifies.   filled resin, after which the protective paper cover can be removed.
9. Rotor must be locked with a machine or vice so that it can be processed, which consists in grinding the surface. For these purposes, you can use sandpaper with an average grain size parameter.
10. Determine state   and the purpose of the wires leaving the engine. Two should lead to a working winding, the rest can be cut so as not to get confused in the future.
11. Sometimes the rotation process is pretty bad, most often the cause is the old worn and tight bearings, in which case they can be replaced with new ones.
12. Generator rectifier   can be assembled from special silicon, which are designed specifically for these purposes. Also, you will need a controller to charge, virtually all modern models are suitable.

After all these actions are completed, the process can be considered completed, the induction motor was converted into a generator of the same type.

Evaluation of the level of effectiveness - is it profitable?

Generation of electric current by an electric motor is quite real and realizable in practice, the main question is how profitable is this?

The comparison is carried out primarily with a synchronous version of a similar device, in which there is no electric excitation circuit, but despite this fact, its device and design are not simpler.

This is due to the presence of a capacitor bank, which is an extremely technically complex element that is not available in an asynchronous generator.

The main advantage of the asynchronous device is that the available capacitors do not require any maintenance, since all the energy is transferred from the magnetic field of the rotor and the current that is generated during the operation of the generator.

The electric current created during operation does not actually have higher harmonics, which is another significant advantage.

Asynchronous devices do not have other advantages besides the above, but they have a number of significant drawbacks:

1. During their operation   there is no possibility to ensure the rated industrial parameters of the electric current generated by the generator.
2. High sensitivity   even to the smallest differences in workload parameters.
3. If the permissible generator loads are exceeded, there will be a shortage of electricity, after which recharging will become impossible and the generation process will be stopped. To eliminate this drawback, often use batteries with significant capacity, which have the ability to change their volume depending on the magnitude of the loads.

The electric current generated by an asynchronous generator is subject to frequent changes, the nature of which is unknown, it is random in nature and can not be explained by scientific arguments.

The impossibility of accounting and appropriate compensation for such changes is explained by the fact that such devices have not gained popularity and are not widely used in the most serious industries or domestic affairs.

The functioning of an induction motor as a generator

In accordance with the principles by which all similar machines operate, the operation of an induction motor after conversion to a generator occurs as follows:

1. After connecting the capacitors to the terminals, a number of processes occur on the winding of stators. In particular, in the winding a forward current movement begins, which creates the magnetization effect.
2. Only with matching capacitors   parameters of the required capacity, the device is self-excited. This contributes to the emergence of a symmetrical voltage system with 3 phases on the stator winding.
3. The value of the total voltage   will depend on the technical capabilities of the machine used, as well as the capabilities of the capacitors used.

Thanks to the described actions, the process of converting a squirrel-cage induction motor to a generator with similar characteristics occurs.

Application

In everyday life and in production, such generators are widely used in various fields and areas, but they are most in demand for performing the following functions:

1. Use as engines   for, this is one of the most popular features. Many people make asynchronous generators on their own to use them for this purpose.
2. Work as a hydroelectric power station   with a small output.
3. Catering   and electricity from a city apartment, private country house, or separate household equipment.
4. Basic functions   welding generator.
5. Uninterrupted equipment   alternating current of individual consumers.

It is necessary to have certain skills and knowledge not only in the manufacture, but also in the operation of such machines, the following tips can help:

1. Any kind of asynchronous generators regardless of the sphere in which they are used, is a dangerous device, for this reason it is recommended to isolate it.
2. In the process of manufacturing the device   it is necessary to think over the installation of measuring instruments, since it will be necessary to obtain data on its functioning and operating parameters.
3. Special buttons, with which you can control the device, greatly facilitates the operation process.
4. Grounding   is a mandatory requirement that must be implemented before the operation of the generator.
5. During work, The efficiency of an asynchronous device can periodically decrease by 30-50%, it is not possible to overcome the occurrence of this problem, since this process is an integral part of energy conversion.

A homemade wind generator is an installation for generating electric energy through the use of wind. Such devices are commonly used as an alternative source of electricity. A home-made wind generator for the home is able to fully provide electricity to a family of several people. Such installations are an effective way to generate electricity in settlements that are remote from central energy networks. The wind generator is driven by the force of the wind, which is then converted into rotational energy. 30 kW units can be used as an autonomous source of electricity to meet the needs of industrial and residential facilities.

Features of homemade wind generators

In order to provide electricity to a private house, you can use a vertical wind generator with a capacity of up to 2 kW. The principle of operation of a wind electric installation is to convert the kinetic energy of the wind flow into the mechanical energy of the blades. Mechanical energy in turn rotates the rotor and generates an electric current.

A standard wind generator consists of the following units:

• rotating blades
• turbine rotor
• generator and its axis
• inverter converting ac to dc
• battery

The wind generator can be optionally equipped with a controller. A homemade controller for a wind generator is used to charge the battery and monitor the condition of the battery. When the battery is fully charged, the controller stops the windmill.

The operation of the wind generator is as follows. When the rotor rotates, a three-phase alternating current is generated, which is sent through the controller and then recharges the DC battery. After that, the inverter converts the current for consumption and starts it in order to provide lighting and power for the TV, refrigerator and other household appliances.

Types of wind generators

Windmills can vary in the following ways:

• number of blades
• manufacturing materials
• orientation of the axis of rotation relative to the surface of the earth
• screw stepping tag

Multi-blade models are more efficient than two- or three-blade models, since they are driven in motion with the smallest manifestations of air flow. The blades can be stiff or sailing. Hard are usually made of metal or fiberglass. In the direction of the axis of rotation, vertical and horizontal modifications are distinguished.

Wind generators with a horizontal axis of rotation of the rotor are more widely used. Such installations are characterized by high efficiency, improved protection against hurricane gusts of wind and simple power control. Vertical models are easy to install, silent and can work even with slight gusts of wind.

Neodymium Magnet Model

Homemade neodymium magnet wind generator is becoming more and more popular in many Russian regions. As the basis of such a device, it is necessary to use the hub of a car with brake discs. It is better to disassemble the part and check for serviceability by lubricating the bearings and removing rust.

Neodymium magnets are glued onto the rotor discs. For example, you can take twenty small magnets. When choosing the number of magnets, remember that in a single-phase generator the number of poles must match the number of magnetic elements. For a three-phase model, this ratio can be 2 to 3 or 4 to 3. In the process of installing magnets, you need to alternate their poles. In order not to be mistaken, it is advisable to use rectangular magnets. To attach the magnets you need to use the most reliable glue.

A video on the assembly of such a generator can be seen here:

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A magnet generator will work efficiently if the stator coils are correctly sized. From experience it is known that for charging a 12 V battery, about 1000 turns should be equally distributed in the coils. Coils are wound with thick wires to reduce resistance. The mast of the wind generator should be a height of six meters or more. Under the mast, you need to dig a hole with further pouring concrete. The blades for the device are made of polyvinyl chloride pipes.

Model from a car generator

A homemade wind generator from a car generator must be made from components (battery, relay, etc.) from one machine. At the same time, it is better to use a car generator from powerful equipment (for example, from a tractor) to create a windmill.

Since consumers need alternating current, an inverter or converter must be provided. In regions with high wind speeds, wind generators can be installed to generate large capacities.

To build such a model, you will need the following:

• 12v car generator
• battery
• voltmeter
• battery charge relay
• the blades
• fixing material

At the beginning, a rotor is made. The optimal solution would be to create a rotor wheel of four blades. This element is made of sheet iron. If possible, you can use an iron barrel.

The finished windmill is connected to the axis of the generator. A hole is drilled for this, the connection is fixed with bolts. After that, the electrical circuit is assembled and the mast is installed. Then you need to fix the car generator with wires that connect to the battery and voltage converter. For proper assembly, it is better to use prepared drawings.

A similar installation is mounted quickly enough without any difficulties. Such a wind generator is good in simplicity, reliability and silent operation.

A video with the assembly of such a wind generator can be seen here:

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Induction Motor Model

Home-made wind generators from an asynchronous motor up to 10 kW have found wide application for domestic purposes. To manufacture such a device, it is first necessary to select a low-speed electric motor that has three or four pairs of poles.

To change the engine for the needs of the generator, it is necessary to grind the rotor and glue the magnets to it using epoxy glue. The stator is rewound with a thicker wire to increase current. The rotor groove can be carried out on a lathe.

Before sticking the magnets, the rotor must be marked on the poles. In order to calculate the required number of magnets, it is necessary to determine the circumference of the rotor after grooving. This length corresponds to the height of the sleeve. The thickness of the magnets should be in the range (0.1-1.15) D, where D is the diameter of the circumference of the rotor. After that, the number of sections is calculated where magnets with one pole will be glued. The number of sections will be L / p, where p is the number of poles of the motor, and L is the height of the sleeve.

Magnets should be placed under a slight bevel. The poles must alternate. The magnets are arranged tightly to each other and, after gluing to the epoxy, are wrapped with tape.

You can watch a video with such a model of a wind generator here:

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Upon completion of the assembly of the wind generator, it must be checked for output power. For this, the rotor is driven in rotation at a speed that corresponds to the rated speed of the modified electric motor. Such tests can be done with a drill and light bulbs with different power.

The best option for a wind generator must be selected based on the required power from the climatic conditions of a particular region.

The issue of wind power generators in our time is very relevant. Many European manufacturers offer wind generators of different capacities, but they are not cheap. And the whole system, including a wind generator, an inverter for converting DC to AC and batteries, is a very expensive pleasure that is unlikely to pay for itself in the near future. Such wind turbines can not afford an ordinary consumer of electrical energy.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that the most acute question is the cost of obtaining electricity from the wind.

When using permanent magnet generators, it is possible to obtain a not very large voltage, as a rule, it does not exceed 10 V. Yes, and besides, the wind speed is not a constant value. Installations on such generators should always be supplied with rechargeable batteries, and an inverter. But based on the fact that the most optimal rechargeable batteries are 150 A / h, it is unlikely that anyone will want to get involved in such an expensive project (for example, the PT-76 tank’s battery weighs 65 kg and is designed for 140A / h).

Automotive alternators and synchronous motors were also used as the generator. But in both cases, the same drawback requires too high engine rotor speeds, and this in turn leads to an increase in the gear ratio of the gearbox, and hence the dimensions of the wind wing. It is also possible to add the instability of the frequency of operation and the complexity of stabilizing the output voltage, and in the case of a synchronous motor, more dimensions and weight. To stabilize the output voltage, you can use batteries and an inverter, but this will lead to the circuit that is now used by European manufacturers, which will not be discussed here, because it is very expensive.

During long searches and experiments, preference was given to a generator based on a squirrel-cage induction motor. When using this scheme, many advantages were identified and only one drawback.

Advantages:   small dimensions and weight with a sufficiently large power; no need for excitation voltage; if you use a slow-speed motor, then the power of the rotor can be reduced; the output frequency is practically independent of the rotor speed.

Disadvantage: This generator must not be overloaded.

The scheme for switching on an asynchronous motor with a short-circuited rotor is shown in Figure 1. When the motor rotor rotates, the residual magnetic field acts on one of the stator windings. In this case, a small electric current arises, which charges one of the capacitors C1-C3. Due to the fact that the voltage phase on the capacitor lags behind, a magnetic field of a larger magnitude appears on the rotor, which acts on the next winding. Accordingly, the next capacitor will be charged to a higher voltage. This process continues until the rotor of the generator enters saturation (1 ... 1.15 s). After that, you can turn on the machine B2 and use the energy generated by the generator. Moreover, for normal operation of the engine in generator mode, the load power should not exceed 80% of the engine used as a generator. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bis used to maintain voltage across the capacitors, i.e. maintaining the generator in working condition. If this condition is exceeded, the voltage on the capacitors will disappear, and therefore the magnetic field at the armature will disappear, which will lead to the disappearance of the voltage at the terminals of the B2 machine. And this happens almost instantly.

This has its drawback and its advantages. The disadvantage is that the re-supply of voltage is possible only when the cause of the overload is eliminated and the automatic machine B2 is turned off. The generator will sleepily enter the operating mode (after 1 ... 1.5 s). After that, you can turn on B2 and use energy. The factor is considered to be an advantage that the generator is almost impossible to burn, since the voltage at its terminals disappears instantly within 0.1 ... 0.5 s. The output voltage has a sinusoidal shape and is fully suitable for further use. The output frequency of the generator is 46 ... 60 Hz, which in most cases is enough for home use. Due to the instability of the voltage at the voltage output, it is necessary to install a stabilizer (a description of the circuit and operation is described in an additional article).

The capacity of the additional capacitors is indicated in table No. 1, per kilowatt of the indicated motor power, and for working with the load, the additional capacity for each kilowatt of the load.

Table number 1   The capacity of the capacitors included in the phases in microfarads per 1 kW of power.

Voltage between phases	Primary Capacitance (μF)
	At idle	Under active load	At reactive load

For example, there is a 3 kW engine. It is supposed to connect a reactive load (electric motor, welding machine) with a total power of about 2 kW. At the same time, we want the voltage between the phases to be 380. Therefore, the capacitance of capacitor C1 will be (35) + (26) microfarads. Since C1 \u003d C2 \u003d C3, we need three capacitors with a capacity of 30 μF. If there are no capacitors of the required capacity, then it is possible to connect the capacitors in parallel, of a smaller capacity. The capacitors should be paper or paper with a voltage of at least 450 V, and preferably 650 V. It is better to turn on the generator for voltage between the phases of 220 V, and between zero and phase 127 V. This is due to the fact that for normal operation of the generator the phase imbalance should not exceed. With this scheme, it will be possible to unload the generator as much as possible. In addition, the power of incandescent lighting lamps and some heating appliances is best fed with direct current.

For the generator, it is necessary to use a slow-speed motor with a squirrel-cage motor. It is best to use a 360 ... 720 rpm engine, but a 910 rpm engine is also suitable. This is due to the need to rotate the rotor with a speed approximately twice as high as indicated in the passport for the engine, and a decrease in the number of gear reducers.

The wind generator itself can be performed in any scheme convenient for you. The following construction is also proposed here. The principle of operation is shown in figure No. 3 and does not need an explanation. The wind turbine (Figure 4) consists of a wind wing 1, a support 2 and the generator 3 itself. The support is rigidly concreted and reinforced with three tension cables 4. The support can be made of wood, concrete, metal. You can use the support that is used to transfer electricity to a distance, or your own. As extensions, it is better to use a steel cable with a diameter of 10..12 mm. Crutches for which stretch marks are attached must be well concreted. The wing frame of the wind turbine can be made of pipes with a diameter of 1 inch, its drawing is shown in figure No. 5. Ailerons can be made from a steel bar with a diameter of 6 mm. A thick-walled tube with a diameter of 2..2.5 inches was used as a leading oxen, a shaft 300–400 mm long was pressed into the lower end of it. A groove for the pulley is made at the lower end of the shaft. Bearings are taken spherical with conical clamps of brand 2000810 with the corresponding housing.

After assembly, the wing must be balanced. A balanced wing can be attached to the support in any convenient way, but, most importantly, that the fastening would be sufficiently rigid and reliable. It was experimentally established that the best material for tightening the wing is a polyethylene film with a thickness of 80 ... 120 microns. It is strong enough, lightweight and cheap, it allows you to abandon the braking mechanism, which, incidentally, is unacceptable in this case, since with a strong wind the wing will be destroyed. Tighten with plastic wrap in several layers by soldering at the seams, with a soldering iron through a piece of plastic wrap. The welded seam should be equal and strong.

A gearbox is used to drive the generator shaft. You can use the gearbox of any system except the worm gear. As already mentioned, the generator shaft must be rotated at about twice the speed, and the wave of the wind turbine rotates at a speed of 500 rpm at a wind speed of 5 m / s, hence the limitation on the use of the engine as a generator. A 360 rpm engine may be the best option, but a 720 rpm engine can also be used. When using the engine, you can increase the wing height by 500 mm. It is not recommended to increase the wing in width, since this reduces the rotational speed, it should not be reduced, since with an increase in the rotational speed, the power will greatly decrease, and the law of decrease is not linear.

When selecting a gearbox, the following rules should be followed: for the nominal speed of the wind turbine wing, take 500 rpm, which corresponds to a wind speed of 5 m / s, the engine shaft speed increases by 2.3, then by simple calculations we obtain the gear ratio. The bracket itself is easy to attach to the support with six studs. Gear reduction mounting is much easier. It is not recommended to make the shaft of the wind turbine too long, as it can simply twist it. The entire structure must be earthed. Ground resistance should be no more than 2 ohms. At the foot of the cabin, it is necessary to put a cabinet in which it is necessary to place capacitors C1-C3, automatic devices B1-B2, diodes V1-V6, a voltage regulator, an automatic control unit, four batteries and a powerful voltage converter to provide energy during calm. The control unit provides switching of power circuits depending on the load and wind speed. A powerful voltage converter provides battery charge while the generator is idling and also supplies the network with batteries in the absence of wind or a very low voltage on the generator. When there is no voltage and the battery is discharged, the control unit provides power from the regular network.

The cable that connects the generator and the power cabinet must be three-phase with a core section of no more than. The cables that connect the cabinet to consumers can be the same. The grounding bar must be at least a cross section.

Attention! All installation work must be done with the B1 machine turned off and the capacitors C1-C3 discharged.